Vicarious Traumatization Concept Analysis

Vicarious Traumatization Concept synopsisPeriods of active investigation set about observed throughout this review of the literary clears on psychological trauma and little systematic findings have been ill-famed (Pearlman and macintosh Ian (1995). Despite that Pearlman and Saakvitine, (1995a) mentioned that therapists appeared to be attracted to becomeing with traumatized nation. In spite of this speculation, in that respect are others studies that have evaluated the influence of cozy activity as possible capture to a secondary traumatization but, no say have been found indicating that gender plays an active role in development secondary trauma (Nelson-Gardell Harris, 2003 Pearlman Mac lan, 1995).On the other hand, a history of prior traumatization in intellectual health workers or practitioners may be a risk factor. Cunningham (2003) indicated that a relationship between professional persons having a reduced sense of personalised recourse and a higher(prenomi nal) levels of exposure to traumatic materials, especially if they had endured cozy vilification themselves. Nelson-Gardell and Harris (2003) revised multiple curtilage potency risk factors in the population of child protection workers and, discovered that a history of ablaze abuse and sexual abuse associated with an increased risk of growth utility(prenominal) traumatic stress. In 2004, Kadambnd Truscott did a comparison with psychogenic health workers, who worked with sexual abuse survivors, cancer patients, and practitioners and found no differences in the degree of vicarious trauma among these diverse groups. According to these investigators, these special populations, who are perceived as highly vulnerable and depending on the nature of the trauma, dealt with a possible exertion that major power contribute to the degree of risk for practitioners or workers in the mental health field. Kadambi and Truscott (2004) clarified there is contain and contradictory evidence f or this assumption.propinquity to traumatic events seems to increase the cause of developing vicarious traumatization. Even though, results of look for with criminal lawyers suggested that evidence have shown that the prolonged exposure to traumatic materials is associated with a higher increased risk of developing vicarious traumatization (Vrklevski Franklin, 2008 Musa Hamid, 2008). Vrklevski Franklin (2008) suggested that the cause of having a history of several traumas in their personal histories and proximity to the traumatic event could be one of the causes of exposing themselves to a higher risk of developing vicarious trauma symptoms.Ultimately, the workplace environment has been considered as a potential cause risk factor. Professionals who work for the public sector seemed to find themselves at a higher risk of developing vicarious traumatization, than those working in the private practices (Vredenburgh, Carlozzi Stein, 1999). By 2004, Goldsmith, Barlow, and Freyd sugg ested that workers of public agencies might too be open(a) to a higher percentage of traumatized clients. This could lead to an effect on higher caseloads, inadequate or non-existent resources, and more complicated clients. They also suggested that agency workers might be opened to an increased percentage of traumatized clients (Goldsmith, Barlow Freyd, 2004 Cougle, Resnick Kilpatrick, 2009).Boscarino, Figley and Adams (2004) suggested that clients were more likely to experience multiple environmental stressors, like poverty, unemployment and exposure to crime, as well as fewer social supports and higher rates of client comorbidity. Nevertheless, the long work hours could also appear to be one of the causes of risk factors in developing vicarious traumatization, as the caseloads with higher numbers of traumatized individuals.Newell and MacNeil (2011) in their research, studied workers who were exposed to traumatic stories or clients with traumatic stories at the veterans hospit al, and revealed that self-consistent evidence that workplace factors can increase practitioners risks of developing vicarious traumatization.In comparison to other potential risk factors, Kadami and Truscott (2008) researched practitioners who work with sexual abuse victims in Canada, reported that the most important factors in causing therapists perceptions of vicarious trauma in their workplace were included the lack of support, long hours of work, high caseloads and limited resources. Their research revealed that exposure to consistently, detailed factors of the trauma, social injustice, and exposure to human cruelty and countertransference or highly emotional reactions inwardly the practitioners working with sexual abuse victims were denoted. On the other hand, Kadami and Truscott (2008) pointed out that those practitioners who were not working with sexual abuse victims did not score significantly incompatible on registering vicarious traumatization with the others Canada professionals.Consequently, this raises another collateral effect that brings about an honorable issue. Trauma practitioners in addressing their countertransference reactions, protect the client and themselves. By not doing so, the set up are likely to have an undesirable shock absorber on the therapists relationships with clients, personal and professional life (Trippany, White-Kress and Wilcoxon, 2004). However, as a cause and effect of the phenomenon of vicarious traumatization, Srdanovic (2007) and Hill (2003) have researched among therapists who have been working victims of sexual violence and other traumatic events. In reviewing the cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions to being a secondhand individual that there have uncovered several others dynamics at the personal level that might be influencing (Hill, 2003). Nevertheless, its psychological effects go along the same, regardless of the type of population, ethnicity, age or working responsibilities.Another assump tion that can cause vicarious traumatization symptoms is pointed out to the workplace cultural factors that appears to interact as an important role in the development or at risk factor symptoms for a vicarious victimization. Schauben and Frazier (1995) highlighted that a lack of a larger support systems contributes to the development of trauma-related problems for practitioners or workers in mental health. These researchers argued that cultures that dissuade the expression of emotion, autonomy, and self-care place employees increased the risk of vicarious traumatization throughout the mental home of a dysfunctional institutional norm. Those practitioners who work within these institutions, according to Schauben and Frazier (1995) work in an unhealthy cultural norm, because not only discourage self-care, but, also discourage individuals from these cultures from being supportive to one another. These individuals present a disposal to internalize these dysfunctional norms and inval idate their need to self-protect and avoid the personal impact they may experience by being exposed to these traumas.Pearlman and Mac Ian (1995) strongly support their argument that trauma practitioners need to active seeking professional consultation and support in order to transform their emotional, self-esteem, cognitive and behavioral reactions to the collateral effects of trauma work (Pearlman Saakvitine, 1995a Devilly, Wright Varker, 2009). Since 2005, Marriage and Marriage pore on the importance of therapists on being aware of their feelings, therefore, using their symptomatic and therapeutic awareness for their benefit and the client. Furthermore, Toren (2008) during her research process explained that working with traumatized population most of the time can become rewarding effect for the therapist.The limited research on the evidence remains unclear and limited. The only variant that remains consistent with all the literature review is the need for grooming among exp erienced and non-experienced practitioners (Cunningham, 2003 Newell MacNeil, 2010). The lack of proper standardized instruments to measure these effects, and its variables are lacking. As well as, it becomes difficult assessing which ethnic population is more stirred than others (Newell MacNeil, 2010). in one case again, the debate, of having clear and consistent definitions for various hypothetical constructs. This continues to indicating that, even though, there have been various attempts to provide new literature that conceptualizes the phenomenon of vicarious trauma and others theoretical constructs, such as, countertransference and compassion fatigue the overlapping issue continues. The research evidence indicates that the phenomenon of vicarious traumatization were found in anecdotal recordings by trauma therapists, indicating that affected practitioners and clients (Sexton, 1999).