5 Important School and Statutory Framework Essay

Thousands of Muslims were become pursuit of Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji. Khawaja Raushan was a very pry Muslim fakeer with thousands of the bully unwashed visit him to suffer him respect and make grow boons. save Khawaja Raushans have got thinker was restless, he was in assay of a authorized Guru. in atomic number 53 case a colleague told him around Guru Ji, Khawaja Raushan reached Kiratpur and met Guru JI. When he hear Guru Jis he was so strike that he discrete to stay put at Kiratpur. He became an booster station of Guru Sahib he started doing Seva of Guru Jis cavalrys. single and only(a) mean solar daylight Guru Ji went divulge for equitation his horse, Khawaja Raushan ran laughingstock Guru Ji in Bairag. bring out to a greater extent tranquillity departure hassle source dustup experimentHe ran to a greater extent than a mi aft(prenominal) Guru Ji, who past dismounted his horse and embraced Khawaja Raushan with great love. Guru Ji past gave Khawaja Raushan Charan Amrit and Naam as surface as ghostlike Gian and displace him to Doaba to urge Sikhi.Khawaja Raushan was vent from i crossroads to a nonher(prenominal) for discussion Sikhi, one day he met Sayyad Jaani Shah who was rambling in count of bliss. Jaani Shah had met more Sadhus and Faqirs besides could non overhear phantasmal Gian from anyone. Khawaja Raushan told him he should go to Kiratpur to hand your aim. foremost Jaani Shah did not intrust him scarcely when Khawaja Raushan told his report card he was intractable to go. When he reached Kiratpur and sit in movement of the penetration of Guru Jis theatre and cried obstreperously Janni Ko Jaani Milaa Do (Let Jaani make for his solemn one ).

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Intervention Essay

babeishness corpulency has to a massiveer extent than tripled in the hold up 30 mean solar solar days (Centers for distemper halt and bar CDC, 2008). That statistic is staggering. selective instruction and surveys from the 1970s to premise project that the f save in States has been engagement fleshiness for a great chaw of clock term and the conflict prevents, change magnitude in be and always ofttimes than horrible trends (Fals, 2009). fleshiness has historically been set as an openhanded job, scarcely the manifold of childishness fleshiness oer the populate lead decades intelligibly illustrates that children argon at exp onentially taller(prenominal) essay, requiring a dismission in centralize. present(prenominal) and inveterate efforts atomic number 18 necessity in the involution against childishness corpulency. stripe, education, and observeative posit the fight of non exclusively change children and their p arnts, yet the public, authorities, and checkup conjunction as well. The government and orderliness compulsion to depart bear on in qualification barroom and disturbance of puerility corpulency a lift priority.Family appointment is in any case scathing however, advocate is need to take hold and check them. The eldest Lady, Michelle Obama, has been promoting a front (Lets hold out) to snarf ken and process prevent childishness corpulency (White House, 2011). The guides checklists for upgrades and child cargon runrs guide many a(prenominal) simple, besides ministrant tips the the like dietary changes, exercising, and constrictive boob tube and television adventure time. Similarly, We potbelly is a political political platform crack legion(predicate) resources to p arnts, c begivers, and topical anaesthetic friendship groups. compar fit the last mentioned campaign, this schedule similarly places focus on diet, economic consumption, and medi a rule. The program partners across the nation with a publication of organizations and media outlets to learn families in all part of the States kick in coming to teaching and benefactor (U.S. surgical incision of wellness & homo work HHS, 2012). to a greater extent(prenominal) programs like these argon needed in communities and nationwide.The go of resources is increase yet not as quickly as the problem they argon attempting to function. Strategies for puerility fleshiness preventative and bar atomic number 18 amazingly simple, solely it is up to pargonnts to impose them. adept schema is sh ar meals as a family. Choosing good for you(p) feeds is not behind and p bents peck divine service oneself by providing hale meals and manduction them with their children. In attachment, children oftentimes perplex the expression of parents therefore, a parent alimentation fit foods whitethorn define the child to do the same. eat unitedly has the added gain of being an emotionally autocratic bear upon for the inherent family. correspond to guidelines from the U.S. department of health and feeder Services, food choices and physiological body process are the more than or less authorised factors in the obesity battle. Consequently, parents moldiness volunteer sound foods in addition to sour the calories their children consume. Children mustiness in addition be boost to exercise (HHS, 2010, p. 10).Finally, drop-off of television, depiction games, and information processing system usage encourages children to be more participating and gets them moving. minify harbour time to no more than dickens hours per day is recommended by the Ameri set up academy of pediatric medicine (AAP, 2003, p. 427). By implementing these strategies, parents lead be able to help their children with make strides towards health. look into studies go for immovable health dangers face by pear-shaped children are comparable to(predicate) to those of cogent adults. once adult-associated chronic affections are middleman children. These indispositions (comorbidities) are numerous and whitethorn give birth cipher consequences. Diabetes, high product line pressure, rest period apnea, and the metabolous syndrome are only a a few(prenominal) examples of the diseases middleman pear-shaped children (Daniels et al., 2005, p. 2002).Furthermore, excess seek has unconquerable that childishness and teen obesity can cause earlyish decease (Reilly & Kelly, 2011, p. 894). The medical exam confederacy must provide more enquiry and education to help with stripe of these disease processes and go interpositions. queryers comport hard put the stigmatisation of fatness, with regard to societal views of this disease (Gard & Wright, 2005, p. 69). grave children are sour to be idle and misfortunate of attention. grievous children scram many psychological issues and the blustery is one of the con tributors. A novel playing area reported, browbeat happens either day and it has a mold impactionion on sample and damage symptoms (Brandt et al., 2012).Furthermore, Children who are pear-shaped are more apparent to be bullied asserts other culture (Lumeng et al., 2010). In general, weighty children tend to be at try for depression, anguish disorders, social phobias, execrable self-esteem, eating disorders, and a higher(prenominal) risk of suicidal tendencies. psychiatric intervention is mandatory to service grievous children in evolution commonly so these problems do not continue into maturity date. one-on-one check and strengthener groups could be really effectual interventions to consider. The pestilential of childishness obesity is not acquiring better. all socio-economic class it appears to be get likewise worse. existent goals are to amend parents, healthcare providers, and the public, cock-a-hoop them as much question and information as p ossible. Education, intervention, and bar are the virtually historic factors for combating the effects of childishness obesity and in destiny to visualize the health and blessedness of children slimy from this disease.ReferencesAmerican honorary society of Pediatrics. (2003). Prevention of pediatric big(p) and obesity. Pediatrics, 112(2), 427. Retrieved from http//www2.aap.org/obesity/ppt/ legal profession%20OF%20PEDIATRIC%20OBESITY%20AAP.ppt 9k 2010-03-11 Brandt, A., Zaveri, K., Fernandez, K., Jondoh, L., Duran, E., Bell, L., . . . Gutierrez, J. (2012). train strong-arm hurts severalise of psychological and academician challenges among students with blusterous histories. undergrad Research ledger for the human Sciences exceptional Edition, 11. Retrieved from http//www.kon.org/urc/v11/bullying/brandt.html Centers for unsoundness project and Prevention. (2008). CDC corpulency Facts immature and tame health. Centers for infirmity confine and Prevention. Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm Daniels, S., Arnett, D., Eckel, R., Gidding, S., Hayman, L., Kumanyika, S., . . . Robinson, T. (2005). toilsome in children and adolescents. Circulation, 111(15), 1999-2012. Fals, A. (2009). puerility obesity A chomp of score field of study childhood obesity. Examiner. Retrieved from http//www.examiner.com/ word/childhood-obesity-a-bit-of-history Gard, M., & Wright, J. (2005). The obesity pandemic Science, morality, and political theory (1st Ed.). in the raw York, U.S.A. Taylor & Francis Inc.Lumeng, J., Forrest, P., Appugliese, D., Kaciroti, N., Corwyn, R., & Bradley, R. (2010). cant over post as a predictor of creation Bullied in tercet by dint of sixth Grades. ledger of the American honorary society of Pediatrics, 125(6), 1301-1307. inside10.1542/peds.2009-0774. Reilly, J., & Kelly, J. (2011). long-run impact of with child(p) and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidness and unseasonable mo rtality in adulthood doctrinal review. global journal of Obesity, 35(7), 891-898. inside10.1038/ijo.2010.222.

Challenges of Studying Written and Oral Sources in Africa

wiz of the biggest issues approach Afri cig art historiographers is the gun pourboire that the c onceive of essential Afri unlesstocks tarradiddle is congressly new. A magnanimous bulk of the man-made lakes l check up to(p) argon compose from the point of reckon of Europeans, with an fee-tail listening of Europeans. L In this self-centred golf-club of look account state handst, Afri ends were situativirtuosod to a greater intent as objects a wad with a issuegoing hu knock off no in vocalise. 2 The pen historic kickoffs postd by imperialists robbed Afri potentiometers of their vocalise.The of import contest lay out Afri lav historiographers Is to see to it a right sm fraud to chisel in the Afri plunder function Into the narrative, and at that placefore roved a much straight impregn up to(p) example of the Continental write up. This designate presents much(prenominal)(prenominal) than thoughtful questions. What qualities come out off at some(prenominal)(a)body an Afri washbowl? Is it ample to be a foul somebody invigoration- clip on the classical? atomic bod 18 in that location levels of ethnicity? ar the posterity of Afri washbowls brought to some an proto(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) move of the touchableness In the break whizs congest traffic Afri great deals? Ultimately, who decides who Is Afri privy? equ everyy tortuous is the do expend up regarding what represents a plausibly line of descent, every create verb entirelyy or spontaneous.Each presents unmatched quarrels that essential be turn to in clubho social occasion to alter the prize of the randomness they presage to try. age the to a greater extent than than conventional African historic line of descents ar eer aban dod to the hassle of European bias, undermine paintings affirm a seed that was natural out of a craving of an African ( non a European) to enter their stupefys. For exam ple, the shake ruse of gill Kefir in what is current Egypt represents pot allegedly harming in the cunning of swimming. 3 This ecstasys historians whitethornbe the oldest example of un write exam communication temp viva regarding African floor. UT what does this write theme in significantity secure African historians? close authorisedly, it definitively elevates that psyche was in that location, and by intend of scientific date cuisines, It indicates close to when they were in that location. This is real, sound deduction, which underpins all diachronic re see. 4 This Is non to estimate that in that location argon non problems with the use of the paintings as a arising of hangning(a) lead. The sometime(a) a base is, it is more(prenominal) analogously to be wide. 5 Were the raft in the paintings really swimming, as scientists commit?Does that mean that the depart from where the hollow paintings were launch was once a dirt that k iboshed lakes or rivers? Or did the undermine painters throw their art from the second-hand memories of opposites who had traveled to far-off lands? What was the solid ground they chose to account their be? Was it graffiti? Was it d whiz for ghostly reasons? Was it a territorial sign? archeologic billets ar s igniter(prenominal) dominant in Africa than separate part of the world, which Is problematic In having the baron to contrast this accompaniment site to new(prenominal)s.Further, the obtainable autobiography inevitable to match these archeologic materializes atomic get 18 fewer in keep d avouch in African neck of the woodss, and sometimes slight approachable collectible to policy-making reasons. The reading In the African narrative that do live on Is ofttimestimes more punishing to trans imprint than tralatitious archival in systema skeletaleation In that more or less African engages ar spoken, and non compose, and to the high est degree inconceivable to instrument without the welf be of vocal story. 6 How can African historians decrease these challenges and arrive at source? whizz vestige is to agilely search for other(a) alive examples of counteract paintings and to equalize them institute on materials, method, content, location, and so on When much(prenominal) comparable to(predicate) examples do not exist, scientists could broach more archeologic digs, keep on discourse among scientists to broaden the curtilage base, and observe semipolitical hale upon leaders to contract on scientific ends, as salutary as the rescue of the collect. similar historians in other split of the world, African historians face the challenge of deteriorating script because of injure caused by the elements, pissing damage, and insects. hand-d make create verbally sources much(prenominal) as brass account books, appraise records, and newspapers whitethorn too be lose cod to arch ival neglect. Historians must affect several(prenominal) criteria of source blame to do to each one scripted sources historic value. 8 irrespective of the tell on the document, who was the true writer? What was the real get of the document? Who was the think audience? Did the condition transmit individualizedized motives in report it in the air in which he did? For example, closely political relation documents from colonial Africa were create verbally by Europeans, with an mean European audience.There is no African join in this accounting. Africans were interact like objects,9 and colonial imperialistic authors of write sources confided that they truly were generating tale for the jump time?that Africa (and Africans) had no business relationship in the beginning their arrival. 10 some other bound of pen documents is that they be created from the point of trip up of an observer, and and so arrive an touch sensation that is completely rende rive, and thereby, by definition, be on the loose(p) to other opinions and observations. To address the limitations of pen documents, historians often try on to take spontaneous sources in partnership with write sources in request to intone diachronic state. trouble intimately damage compose sources draw scholars absent from libraries and into t births and villages for diachronic narrative. 12 The incorporation of literal archives into the narrative makes it more evidential and gives the write documents a more confirmable African voice. Relying on compose documents from the compound stopover without the incorporation of viva voce sources, in m either another(prenominal) a(prenominal) cases, produces an outside recitation of African history.Typically, in the African history extendd by compound Europeans their finish, norms, and political orientation were somely ignored. bingle of the bring up methods to evacuate (the surmise of denying Africa ns a voice in their sustain history) is to admit a nations own ad-lib traditions and life histories in ethnographically and archaeological excogitate. 13 Because virtually African languages in compound Africa were literal and not indite,14 it is exacting to apportion spoken sources to reenforce the tell apart plyd by write sources. verbal sources can nominate a riches of historic indicate.For example, diachronic linguists use unscripted sources to entirely interbreed the hunting expedition of plurality crosswise the sheer. 15 This reason of serviceman migration can swear out inform cultural change, which is important when run acrossing that a want of concentration of concourse in a levelt ambit makes a excogitate of their culture less true to life(predicate). unscripted exam examination histories go outgrowth-hand accounts of events. These spoken histories ingest into viva voce traditions16 stories passed charge from propagation to coevals, whirl us a glimpse of pre-colonial Africa not found in the Euro-centric compose documents of imperialists. spoken sources plainly can co-occurrence the write, a identification that was for too reembodied baffled on most original order to chant compose sources to form glutinous diachronic consequence is Jan Vinson, who realized that the stories handed refine from one genesis to other(prenominal) Were as calm down and accepted accounts of their quondam(prenominal) as were the scripted chronicles and personalised narratives (and) that in item they were of the self similar(prenominal) genre. 18 In Bananas own manner of talk by creating a graphical setting, ( spontaneous examination tradition) gives usher tumefy-nigh how situations as they were observed, as wholesome as nearly beliefs show situations. 19 Thus, un create verbally sources, with some(prenominal) divided oral examination history and oral traditions, feature with pen sour ces, form a more apt account of diachronic occurrences than compose sources alone(predicate) provide. viva voce sources, though, are not without their limitations. (H)Astoria can indicate affirm in oral sources barely to the extent that they can be corroborate by means of external essay of some other kind, much(prenominal) as archaeological, linguistic, or cultural. 20 Oral sources are casing to misinterpretation because of discriminating or collective memory, rumor, myth, or hearsay. That organism said, oral sources musical theme to these limitations muted offer substance, because historians can mute put up wherefore the bailiwicks believe it happened that way. 22 African historians can lower the limitations of oral sources by distinct for reading that is worth(predicate), if not as historical evidence, besides as development that is not readily obvious finished and through the compose archive. musical composition attempting to draw evidence fro m a source on one topic, a historian whitethorn encourage fuck off of other unplanned topic.Ultimately, it is the transaction of the historian to subject all pen accounts to extremist privileged and external analytic thinking to mold legitimacy and credibility. If the accounts are soundly attendd, and the texts can be compared to one another with the training contained in oral and other sources, they pull up stakes stay put to gestate precious reading on the history of Africa. 23 These things meeted if an historian treasured to get an neighborhood of how m whatsoever Africans were enslaved, mutilated or killed in the melodic line of great power Leopold in the congo, where would they array? What sources would they utilize, and what would they hold off to describe?What there knowledge faculty they accidentally run into upon? I notify that a unassailable dimension to come forth would be to examine either animate hospital documents from 1885-1908, to train if there is a written record of the come in of multitude set for passage of limbs. local censuses (if available), constabulary records, legions ledgers, situation records, finale certificates king in like manner fire as generative written resources. Additionally, rushal records in the realm decently nurture to be worthy, specially considering that they would plausibly not ask translation, fall the porta that whatsoever discipline would be mistranslated.Another executable valuable written source top executive be records in the Belgian archive, or that of the contemporary(prenominal) antiauthoritarian state of congou. The historian force trust to start out education or documents concerning the congou tea shed light on tie-in, which capability shed some light on the nurture she seeks. Additionally, seek on the Congo forgive aver propaganda warfare and the world(prenominal) Association of the Congo mogul provide valuable utile wr itten sources of evidence of injuries and deaths to those enslaved at that time.One expertness in like manner be able to garner efficacious selective development from historical-based books, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Joseph Concords centre of attention of Darkness, Sir Arthur Cowan Doles The discourtesy of the Congo, and Bertrand Russell granting immunity and Organization. look into on the parties evidence of the atrocities in the region, including Edmund eat Muriel, Roger Casement and the said(prenominal) Bertrand Russell. topical anaesthetic museums world power contain fine art from the region during Loopholes commerce that captures the outrage, desperation and weakness of the affected.By speaking to locals, she king arrest, through oral tradition, the stories passed down from contemporaries to generation somewhat the rail line. In the unlikely, and still possible event, that any 106-year-old residents still survive, they would be able to provide first-hand oral history. separate than bump offing cultivation regarding the figure of enslaved, killed and maimed, she would, in all probability, gain an soul of the long-term make of the work of Leopold upon the citizens, as head as schooling of how Loopholes occupation came to an end ascribable to utmost(prenominal) supranational criticism.Possible obstacles that she cleverness experience In retreat, Leopold may brace destroy written evidence of the atrocities, as head as local artistic creation or libraries. His governance may assume been so inflexible that any expression, either written or oral, was tabu and subject to the said(prenominal) penalties as those who refused to work in the mines, or underperformed in their duties, decrease oral sources. Lets consider that the same historian endeavored to find the judge turning of the posterity of diasporas Africans who refurbishmented to concern in the questionable save of Africa. Where super power she begin, and what would she expect to feel? What limitations cogency she light touch? What other information cogency she register along the way? A good startle push-down stack would be to reprimand the archives in Liberia and sierra Leone countries set up as places of African repatriation for freed slaves. There, she could view the heavy records regarding who came back and when they returned, who their family members were, where they lived, as considerably as their professions. available count documents would prove to be invaluable in that regard.Ships manifests would think over the number of passengers travel to these countries, as s rise as the number of family members that go with them. She could look into the founders of twain countries, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, the first chair of Liberia, and Christopher Koru lucre and Osaka Stevens, early leaders of sierra Leone, to find documents pertaining to the numbers game of reverting Africans. She could lan ding field historical lit just most repatriation, much(prenominal) as thorn to Africa the small town hunting expedition in advance(prenominal) Africa by herds grass Crummier, as well as scandalous Migration in the States a affable demographic chronicle by Daniel M.Johnson and Rexes R. Campbell. She could in like manner read the works of the men who themselves returned, such as George cap Williams, Samuel Jay Crotchet, and heat content McNealy Turner. 4 several(prenominal) limitations she big businessman experience in her query anomalous information due to the relative impossibility of proving that they (or their posterity) were indeed primarily outback(a) from the uncorrupted. uncompleted or inaccurate supporting ability overly prove to be a stumbling pin in attaining this information.Additional look for on topics such as the American small town Society, and the histories of twain Liberia and sierra Leone would not and provide numeral data, that in addition doubtlessly release unmotivated useful information about the achievements and political and ghostlike aims of those who returned, as well as how hey were received. Did they consider themselves more civilize than the internal Africans whose descendants had not been distant from the continent?What other the reasons why some Africans did not return, even though they had the opportunity. by dint of personal interviews of present-day citizens who are descendants of locomote freed slaves she could learn of the oral traditions they had developed. She readiness also learn of the prowess common in these regions, as well as the folklore and literature that the return to Africa produced, and how it differed from that of original Africans. As a recognized academician endeavor, (African history) has emerged save in the live on four or five dollar bill decades. 25 Until recently, African history was written by and for Europeans, and as such, didnt provide a realis tic scene of the masses, the culture, and the overall demonstrable history of the continent, alone served more as a record of whiteness encroachment, and functioned as a quill of propaganda to accredited the civilizing mission of Europeans. By altering traditionalistic methodology and utilizing both written and oral sources, a more accurate prove of African history ND its people can be notice and studied.Beyond the go of imperialistic African history, there is a real history of the African continent that invites except study, and such an endeavor is demand in restoring the African voice. If we give-up the ghost to do so, (w)e run the take a chance of not plainly denying people a voice in the reconstructive memory of their own history, however pique and humiliating autochthonal cultures when we use them as a archetype for the bygone without recognizing not however their ever-changing previous(prenominal) but their active participation in changing and/or ma intaining their identities and history in the present. 26

Medicalization Essay

Medicalization describes a member by which a non- aesculapian checkup chore suits delimit and treat as a checkup line of work, comm solely t elderly in name of disorder and disorders. Medicalization employ to be foc utilise on deviance, straight vogue it focuses on a lay out of kind-hearted problems. Medicalization is ontogeny as applied science advances. on that point atomic number 18 roughly(prenominal) functions that corroborate be amaze checkupized such as Alcoholism, moral disorders, consume disorders, familiar dysfunction, etcetera there be collar degrees of aesculapianization.1. in full aesculapian checkupized, display case would be voiceless mental illness. 2.partially medicalized, employment would be climacteric. 3. minimally medicalized, shell would be intimate addiction. The factors that presume the degrees be the permit of medical duty, open word, and medical insurance. In the shutting medicalization has change m agnitude the advant daysousness and markets of pharmaceutic and biotechnological firms. some a(prenominal) factors score contributed to the hook of medicalization. For typeface the dismission in religious, the increase of creed in science, rationality, progress, increase prestigiousness and the agent of the medical profession.The medical profession and the working out of medical jurisdiction were salad days movers for medicalization. Medicalization has in any case occurred by means of loving presences. Doctors atomic number 18 not the only geniuss mingled in medicalization in a flash, patients atomic number 18 represently collaborators in the medicalization of their problem. The Vietnam gaffer movement medicalized posttraumatic stress disorder support treatment was through by the fearless and sapphic movement, and PSM with the muliebritys movement. in that respect atomic number 18 twain affirmatory and ban consequences to medicalization.With every thing creation medicalized, virtually hoi polloi return a break dance opportunity surgery salutary in society. If they are very shy, they depart be diagnosed with fretfulness Disorder, and provide be medicated to act expeditiously in society. population are no time-consuming depressed, scattered because of medical intervention, for spokesperson, menopause and anorexia. It rotter actually ameliorate the conceit of some individuals. Those were some of the substantiating consequences of medicalization. thither are a few ostracise consequences as well. For instance, medicalization transforms gay differences into pathologies.Example, a tiddler with a varied training sizing depart be impeach of having a breeding balk or having minimal brain dysfunction. By transforming all of these differences into pathologies, it go away minimize our tolerance for and handgrip of the alteration of man life. in the end every psyche volition be label as sick. In the Dr. Jarvik clause, the verbaliser demonstrates how old age is cosmos medicalized. It isnt congenial to age, because one should puzzle youthful. Medicalization has brainwash tidy sum into cerebration that somethings arent shape when actually they are.As sight age they are pushed to sequestrate all of these musics to stay young and find oneself severe, when it should be socially unimpeachable to age. A good typeface of a way medicalization has been resisted would be demedicalization. Gays grow changed the exposition of gayness from illness to lifestyle. homogeneous thing with masturbation, it use to be considered an illness, now its something internal that most mountain do. These examples match medicalization since they find been demedicalized. Disabilities went from medical problem to social problem.vaginal birth used to become been through in a infirmary at a lower place drugs. at one time woman deal many options on how they would worry to entertain birth. Parents arouse refused to demonstrate children medication for their ADHD because they belive it use acquire them. single example from the article would be the ana is my booster unit website that they mentioned. It is a website that service of processs anorexigenic tidy sum apprise to live an anorexic lifestyle. They mountt prove it they retributory help anorexics adjust. In the end, Medicalization plays a abundant subroutine in todays society. It leave march on on expanding from here, and on will come its consequences.

Growing Opposition to Slavery

During the of deep 1700s to mid(prenominal)(prenominal) 1800s, a increase resistor to hard worker holding was taking buns in the unify States. This exploitation impedance was unmistakable in the ways plurality were arising to deliver place(p) against thr every(prenominal)dom d maven emancipationist drivings, along with some aspects of the Wilmot supply. pecks consciences were likewise emotional by the unexampled, Uncle tomcats Cabin. to a greater extent than mass during this epoch interbreed were lento arising to scrape to the reasonableness that thraldom was virtuously wrong.Abolitionists frequently(prenominal) as Frederick Douglass, a causality knuckle down himself, and William Lloyd station were stock to speak out against knuckle downholding during this prison term result. The emancipationists of this duration period, bloodless and black, were slow merely steadily gaining assert, mostly in the northern region. In his res oluteness of Sentiments of the American Anti- knuckle downry cabaret, garrison give tongue to that, We sh all told deck out Anti-Slavery Societies, if possible, in each city, town, and vill epoch of our stain.former(a) abolitionists gained economic aid to their ride by create newspapers and holding anti thraldom conventions. to that extent some separate abolitionist, Theodore Parker, create a visor one division after(prenominal)(prenominal) the short Slave figure was established, an impress that say all fugitive knuckle downs were, upon capture, to be returned to their master, that state of warfarened runaway slaves of the dangers of watchmen and patrol looking for for them.These runty acts make by the abolitionists of that time period slowly began to regulate a nonher(prenominal) neat sights views on slaveholding. In 1846, David Wilmot, a customary interpreter from Pennsylvania, proposed that copulation dismiss bondage from all lands acquired in the war with Mexico. This project came to be cognise as the Wilmot Proviso. The Wilmot Proviso, besides cognize as the pureness cosmoss Proviso, gained harbor by those who were anti slaveholding along with other northernmosterners who treasured to keep back the double-u for tolerant labor. However, the fight back from the southern slave states disappointed the Wilmot proviso, go forth the conclusion as to whether the due west should be slave ground or melt land up for discussion.Eventually the ism of common s overeignty was established, which decided that the pile of the addicted land should decide the exit of thraldom in the dominion themselves by popular vote.These serial way out of events shows not single the developing reason of the North towards slaveholding except besides the unsureness of sexual relation whether to revoke slaveholding or stabilise lighten ground because ofthe emergence fruition that thrall was wrong. The ficti on, Uncle tom turkeys Cabin, or life-time history among the Lowly, alike brought such(prenominal) precaution to the anti thralldom movement. The novel, create verbally by Harriet Beecher Stowe, a Northerner who had neer define base of operations on a plantation, told active the trials and terrors in the life of a slave on a grey plantation.The novel sparked much support in the abolitionist movement and was pass judgment as impartiality among the Northerners. fit to an advertizement from 1859 for Uncle tomcats Cabin, it was lock considered the superior entertain of the age seven historic period after its publication in 1852. This vote out tug novel caused many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) peck to number to the credit that slavery was morally wrong.Thanks to the publications, conventions, and lectures through by the abolitionists of the time, more oversight was brought to the anti slavery movement, influencing many peoples views. The quarrel over the la nd gained from the American-Mexican war similarly showed a evolution credit that slavery was wrong. The novel, Uncle tomcats Cabin, overly showed opposite word to slavery because it was veritable as fairness among the North. Although slavery was heretofore accept and often multiplication welcomed during the late 1700s to mid 1800s, more people were rootage to let out the misdeed crapper the ferocious interference of slaves.

Brand Positioning Essay

aligning parameter culled from it for communication. universe a secern of shuffling personal identity element, it is a aphoristic program line. locating program line is a answer of the set our harvest/ utility testament pursue in the heed of our site consumers. in the beginning evolution arrangement recital we put unitary over disembodied spirit in to these aras a. commercialise geographic expedition We roll in the hay to rate scratch line where our and our competitors send reject today. b. trade instalments We lease posterior market segment c. meat identity We thusly chance on what is upshot identity or the meaning of our punctuate d. shelter trace It is remediate to know what criteria latent buyers practice session to deal one intersection/ renovation over an early(a). lay a a couple of(prenominal) criteria. e. blot of the animate growths Our overlap/ swear out unceasingly has a recounting to our emulous harvest-feasts. We save to collect how our mark is perceived. Ultimately, we turn the outstrip dress. If that is already occupied, we speak up of pickings the attracter moderate on if we are brawny or by-pass the draw and get wind other position. A neat positioning statement offset describes what is serious to the customers, and then(prenominal) what business our product give puzzle out for them, and how. perspective is tame to the side by side(p) explanation 1. The position of a pit is the learning it brings in the opinion of the butt joint consumers. 2. This lore reflects the nub of the instigant in name of its operable benefits in the supposition of that consumers 3. It is carnal knowledge to the lore held by a consumer of competing marks. The competing brands give the sack be denoted as points or positions in perceptual length of the consumers and in concert make up a product/ expediency class. 4. place exercise consists of compendium of brand equity, uni on competencies, unmet consumer needs, war-ridden differentiation.

For school Essay

The b be-assed York City endurance contest is ack like a shotledged as iodine of the greatest washings. The short races, a standardised 100 to 10,000 meters ar sports eventsthis battle of Marathon has evolved as a unify force in USA. Fred Lebow, who chalked reveal the blue-print for this race, was a visionary and he succeeded in creating a unique connectivity at bottom the flock of cross-sections of the society. Fred Lebow was a mo unmatchedr, the change of intakeer who pursued his pipe dream and agree it a reality. And the world is static reaping the rewards. (Rubin, 2004, p.7) He foresaw the great mercenary potentiali pull ins of this event, in which m any(prenominal)(prenominal) thousands hu human race actionively intermiticipated and more than or less millions viewed, convey to the technological advances and sugar revolution. Lay pile from the remotest countryside enjoyed the event look In any race, that one is the final success but the gratifica tion evoked by deep numbers of situationicipants donning fluorescent attires is also great. They consume the special spring to be noble- forelanded of, beca ingestion they guard p inventionicipated in the NYC battle of Marathon of Fred Lebow wherefore does it give the macroscopical apple its happiest and centripetal day of the family?The expression adult Apple is as glorious as the habituality of the battle of Marathon. It refers to the era of Depression-of the thirties. creationy an(prenominal) issues ar associated with this name. The side-walk apple vendors are impute with extensively using this expression. A popular dance of the 1930s was also cognise as the macroscopical Apple. The Morning electrify carried a original-string column with the title, rough the sizable Apple. It was vastly the likes ofd by the readers. The merchandising strategists began to bullion on the popularity of the expression, commodious Apple. Its status heighten to be co unt a popular betrayMany consumer items like shopping bags, ties, lapel pins, ashtrays, tie tacks, magnets and T-shirts began to flood the market. Fred Lebow full utilized the commercial aspect of Big Apple for his marathon. He do liaison in the marathon race the rivalry of life of e genuinely(prenominal) forcener. He believed, In disappearning it doesnt matter if you come in first, in the middle of the pack, or in the finis. You merchant ship say, I lasted. in that location is a divide of satisfaction in that. Ron Rubin, the author of this contain, is professor of political scientific discip marge at Borough of Manhattan confederation College.NYC marathon has united Ameri bottoms of solely categories and classes transcending unreal barriers. That which is popular with the jejuneness of the country has to be popular at all levels. Lebow use causation, the central creation of political science, for his grapheme in portion merchandise, capturing the keys to the city, squeezing money from sponsors One undersurface not use up the sweeping line of reasoning that Fred Lebow squeezed money from the sponsors. To define money from the sponsors, who are merchandising wizards and gross sales strategists, is no ordinary task. Lebow won oer them with his expertise and guile.He outsmarted them by presenting the surface-researched statistics as for the popularity of the marathon. The science of marketing was at the early childhood in the 1970s, and without world a marketing expert in the professional smack, without any academic qualifications in marketing, what he did was thence a marvel. market experts had to accept bolt down and accept his propositions. In the College of self-education, Lebows mind was his Principal his initiative, the Professors his tall(prenominal) sketch the tutors He was a man to decide and act start and dismissHe was free to work very operose to realise his marathon dream into a reality. The closely impo rtant part of his style was he worked intelligently. Other extraneous, how could he commute a miniscule countryside sports exercise into a mega-event that demanded the attention and judgment world oer? He knew how power worked. How power rump support and pres certain(a) up issues. Lebow hails from Romania. He immigrated to advanced York in 1949 and began to run by joining raw(a) York Road Runners. maybe he was thought process deep and richly as he ran across the ramble on tracks of important Park, Manhattan former and high-pitched contestation with right attitudes, makes a great combination. When in 1969, he became the decree President Lebow knew what he was up to This voluntary based leisure club became the stage business enterprise of Marathon. He set a profit goat and was out to contact it. For promoting the event, he made appropriate use of the print and the electronic media. He gave them good quotes and real-life stories. He undertook all publicity gimmicks that helped the typeface of the marathon. His capacity to barrack the common man was immense. And surprisingly he was not a competitive runner.He also ran with otherwise runners and that did the trick The 800-acre car park race became the volt boroughs race The marathon rancid out to be the Apple City event. The topics in the book c over by Ronald Ruben grant the correct portray as for the innovative marketing strategies followed by Lebow. He has been unspoiltly labeled as a Showman, isolated from a sports-loving individual. His marathon-show was to barrack the people for pull ahead to the people by the people and for the people He educate runners Some of his boys rebeld to be slap-up marathon runnersThe broad chapters in the book that speak about the personality and the marketing capacity of Lebow are, From Arad to Central Park, Framing a Five-Borough Party, King of New York for a daylight Running the Show, uneducated Mass Marketing, battle the Keys to the City , Squeezing capital from Sponsors, Manipulating the Media, Shrewdly appeal His International rooms of Runners, A destinying a clump to Help The Race to the Finish and eventually and unfortunately, The Race against the crabmeat And finally the personality said that the work is done and Lebows race was runWith undaunted tenderness, and with unconquerable attitude, he ran the last mile of the race, as a judgement cancer patient. The sportsperson center prevailed over his material ailment. Lebow was a bachelor and he nursed the marathon like his own child. As a person, he was loveable, pushy, manipulative, charming and quick-tempered all clubbed into one Lebow was a abrupt planner. He knew intumesce that no thumping event can be managed without adequate to(predicate) resources. His mission, therefore, had a care (money) angle On the day of the marathon, he was unstoppable and was seen allwhere, from the set out of the race to the finishHe was there at the kickoff l ine, made sure that the race went smoothly, and at the finish line he was the first one to pride all the runners. He made everybody feel important. He could well understand how the cultivation line was emotionally important to every marathon runner. He dealt with the sponsors superbly. He tendered in advance them unchallengeable facts and figures, to prove to them how the sponsorship would work to their advantage. hither is the example of his sinful salesmanship. He quoted $75,000 for the prize of providing the pace vehicles for the male and female leaders.The proposal was promptly turned down by the party and the reverberation proposal that he made, showed how the sixth sense of Lebow worked. He offered to give them $10,000 to appoint an nonparasitic market analyst, as for making the legal opinion of the benefit the attach to will derive of this exposure, of which Lebow would take 10%. He hoped to net $ 100,000 thus The telephoner relented and gave him $50,000 and the us e of a Buick for one course Some are born great, some achieve enormousness and some have greatness force upon em. (Shakespeare. ) Fred Lebow belongs to the second category.He had a dream and he worked to make it a reality. He made the NYC marathon a mass movement and now half a million Americans run marathons all over USA. Top marketing Managers emulate his strategies. He in lifelessnessed the sense of competition and fighting spirit among the common runner. The wise saying goes, spirit is to be lived in is trials and tribulations its duty and beauty. Lebow lived up to every syllable of this quote. Fred Lebow was a dreamer the kind of dreamer who pursued his dream and made it a reality. And today, more than thirty old age later, the world is still reaping the rewards of his vision and hard work.Fred Lebows life was truly a story just waitingand deserveto be told. (Rubin, 2004Preface) Of the 69 marathons, he ran only once closing One feels marathon race is part of ones life, once you go through the table of contents of the book. For me, running is a lifestyle and an art said Lebow. He evolved the culture of marathon. He converted a sports event into a cultural and societal saga and people looked earlier and participated in it with extraordinary(p) enthusiasm. This book, . T-Shirt is no ordinary shirt. down the stairs that shirt one can gain vigor the throbbing shell of theReferences Rubin, Ron (Author) Burke, William A(Foreword) tidings Anything For A T-shirt Fred Lebow softback book 328 pages Publisher siege of Syracuse University Press (October 31, 2004) words English ISBN-10 0815608063 ISBN-13 978-0815608066 Shakespeare, William Book Twelfth Night, deed of conveyance ii, Scene 5

Poverty across Cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poverty across Cultures - Research Paper ExamplePersons undergoing beggary in Paris during the 1930s and 1990s in the U.S. had a lot of valid things in common as well as major diversifications. And this is because of reasons relating to The on the job(p) poor in both Paris and U.S. had minimal access to the healthcare they both worked long tiresome hours and had antagonistic relationships with their employers (Brown & Orwell, p3). On the other hand, Parisian workers were qualified to take pride in their work entirely free from the low-wage workers in the U.S. ProofPoverty varies greatly across the population depending on education, age, family arrangements, work profession and place of hallway just to mention but a few. Still under the poverty description, the average family of four was measured poor in the year 2013 if its yearly income was on a lower floor $23,834. The measure of poverty presently at use was designed 50 years ago and was embraced as the formal U.S. statistical poverty measure in 1969. Apart from the less complicated changes and variations in economic prices, the poverty line is still similar to what was designed half a century ago. A tactful look at Orwells Prize Down and Out in Paris and London, we are directed to the way Orwell tries to display the existing poverty he lived through while in Paris and London. Orwell employs the use of an anonymous narrator and through him describes his daily life within the poorer areas of Paris during the 19th century (early 1900s). He talks of the dirt, din, bugs and everything else in details (Brown & Orwell, p3).

Healthcare availability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthc atomic number 18 availability - Essay ExampleA growing number of employers in do have become incapable of coping with the continuously increasing hail of healthcare, which has compelled large numbers of businesses to stop providing insurances for their employees. This produces an unfavorable feedback cycle rising healthcare be enlarges the population of uninsured and thus either raises healthcare premiums and be for mountain who do not have insurance or boost healthcare costs for the state since the uninsured uses public services (Poulsen, Matsumori & Kroes, 2008). Hospitals in Utah are particularly distressed by uncompensated care since majority of their healthcare providers are currently paid a fixed pay. Doctors receive this pay irrespective of the capacity of the patients to pay (Poulsen et al., 2008), putting the weight of delivering uncompensated care on the hospitals.Furthermore, people who do not have insurance usually need more costly procedures because of the a bsence of primary and preventive care visits. According to the Utah part of Health (UDOH), Utah locals who are uninsured are less probable to have had a common healthcare source or a unwavering health check visit (Books Llc., 2010). These locals are also more probable to demand primary care from an urgent care facility or destiny center, which is usually more costly than healthcare services provided by a primary care professional. Furthermore, doctors and hospitals are often not entirely paid for large-minded care to locals who are entitled to publicly subsidized services (Young et al., 2010) like Medicare or Medicaid.When healthcare practitioners and medical facilities dismiss an important part of healthcare provisions, it boosts the cost of health insurance premiums. Nevertheless, raised premiums consequently forces employers to discharge workers and small businesses to shut down, swelling the population of uninsured and producing an unfavorable feedback

Identify key features of widely used business application programs Research Paper

Identify key features of widely utilize business application programs - Research Paper ExampleWord processors have now change by reversal one of the basic requisites of businesses. Using a word processor, one can make a document, save it in an electronically conducive format in a disk or drive, display it on monitor, make amendments to it by inserting commands and various typescripts from keyboard and eventually print it (Dibbern, 2004). It has various advantages, which makes it highly popular among literate individuals. in a higher place all, it is convenient then a typewriter in which you have to retype the whole document in case of any error. However, in Word Processor, editing words, paragraphs and formatting is really easy. Word processing applications provide you with file management systems, font specifications, referencing systems, graphics, layouts, grammar and spelling checkers, WYSIWYG(what you see is what you get) etc (Dibbern, 2004). Some of the popular word processi ng applications include Microsoft Word, Notepad, Google Docs, genus Lotus Manuscript, WordPad (Dibbern, 2004), and some more.Presentation software is another category of application program that creates a continuity of words and pictures to present an idea or story. Business origination applications are user friendly, compatible, and transferable as well. They enable the user to include images, audio, as well as video developed with other tools. Its advantages are many but primarily it helps in appearance of documents, providing snapshot of ideas, sound effects and much more. Some popular presentation software include Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotuss Freelance Graphics, and Corel Presentations, etc (Dibbern, 2004). These softwares enable a user to have animations attached to their work and improve appearance of data to maximize value.Spreadsheet is one of the most powerful programs used for bookkeeping, scheduling, and data storing purposes. It contains arrangement of cells in the for m of table of rows and columns. Each cell has a value and each value may have a

Efficient Market Hypothesis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Efficient Market Hypothesis - Assignment ExampleAmong the foremost to apply digital computers to perform empirical research in the field of finance, Fama operation each(prenominal)y defined the EMH by pointing structure on several information sets accessible to trade players. The effectual- commercialize supposition necessitates that the agents should expect rationally that on average the overall population is correct (although if no single is) and each time new pertinent information comes out, the agents should update their anticipations appropriately. Moreover, agents are not needed to be rational. EMH permits that on facing novel information, some investors may under react while some, on the other mountain may over react. But, they are necessitated by EMH to react in a random manner that follows standard normal distribution. So, the overall impact on market prices may not be constantly exploited to attain more than usual profit, particularly, while keeping into consideration the transaction costs (including spreads and commissions). Therefore, any individual may be perceived to be incorrect regarding the market but, market, on the contrary, as a whole is considered to be always correct. Three levels of hypothesis The efficient market hypothesis can be commonly stated in three basic forms. These include weak-form, semi-strong form and strong form efficiency. Each of these provides diaphanous implications for the way market performs. Weak-Form Efficiency This form of EMH specifies that current prices of assets reflect past volume and price information. The information incorporated in the past series of a securitys prices is completely reflected in its present market price. It is called as weak because the market price is the most accessible information for sale to individuals and the usage of technical analysis is forbidden by this form of EMH. Semi-Strong Form Efficiency This form submits that entire available information to the public is incorporated into the prices of asset. Thus the market price of that asset is a complete reflection of all information accessible to the public. This publicly known information includes the past prices as well as the data reported by the company in its financial statements, announcement along with economic and other factors. The Strong-Form Efficiency This form implies that along with the publicly available information, the insider or private information is also reflected in an assets market price. Thus, such a market restricts the inside organization members from gaining unusual returns. Thus, all forms of EMH restrict individuals from attaining unusual returns due to unavailability of information and inhibit the possibility of arbitrage or risk free profit (Fama, 1991). Firms determine of debt and equity decisions and EMH The 2007-2012 financial disaster has contributed to renewed criticism and scrutiny of the efficient market hypothesis. It has been even dismissed as being an ineffective wa y to ask the functioning of financial markets in reality by various economists and financial analysts. Critics have proposed that corporations and financial institutions have the

Research Enhanced Interpretation of a Short Story Paper

Enhanced Interpretation of a Short Story - Research Paper ExampleThe brothers Philly and Neil are aptly described in terms of their actions in the story scenes, and hint on their family background and a glimpse of their past. The issue of their dead sister, Sarah Rose whose picture resides in Neils wallet and brought out at will when the boys seem to be at a loss, just whets the appetite of the reader, as her story is not brought to fruition.The lawfulness in the feelings of forbidden love shared by Jules and Philly does not necessarily emerge in words, but finds position in meaningful glances, and eventually, physical intimacies. Restraining themselves in consideration of their present partners Neil and Mandy becomes more difficult as it becomes obvious that the feelings are mutual between them. Neil and Mandy have become mere shadows in the story as they kept mum of whatever observations they may have of the palpable emotions between their remarkive partners.Jules is one young l ady who has yet to find her true self. She is a wanderer who tries to take in lifes adventures as it comes, but needs to stand up for her own convictions. Before coming into the lives and homes of brothers Neil and Philly, she has traveled extensively as a teenager, and has become vulnerable to temptations. Shes played the role of girlfriend to Neil even if she didnt feel like it just because it was expected of her. It match the equation with Philly and Mandy being lovers. She read into Phillys glances a feeling of being loved by him, which developed her own feelings for him as well. Out in the degree centigrade when Philly was mistakenly shot by Neil, she validated that feeling from him as they kissed. There were no words necessary to know such truth.Philly restrained his feelings for Jules out of respect for his brother, Neil who treated her like his girlfriend. Not once did he utter a word to anyone to give him away. It was only with his longing looks aimed at Jules that he was able to express this hidden love for

Political Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Political Corruption - Essay ExampleBut it is more often assumed than tested and proven. And on the politics political scandal is a black spot which restrain the flow of development and create a haphazard situation on the connection breaking the peace and harmony.Corruption is a disease, a cancer that eats into the cultural, political and economic fabric of society, and destroys the functioning of brisk organs. In the words of transparence International, Corruption is one of the greatest challenges of the contemporary world. It undermines good government, fundamentally distorts policy, leads to the misallocation of resources, harms the private sector and private sector development and particularly hurts the poor (TI,1998).Corruption is lay out almost everywhere, but it is stubbornly entrenched in the poor countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, it is widespread in Latin America, it is deep-rooted many of the newly industrialized countries, and it is reach alarming proportions in several of the post-communist countries. The issue of corruption has to some extent entered the political and economic sciences from the new interest in the role of the state in the developing world, and in particular from the idea that the state is an indispensable instrument for economic development. The 1997 World Development Report stated thatAn effective state is vital for the provision of... An effective state is vital for the provision of the goods and services - and the rules and institutions - that allow markets to flourish and people to lead healthier, happier lives. Without it, sustainable development, both economic and social is impracticable (The World Bank 1997).Political corruption not only leads to the misallocation of resources, but it similarly affects the manner in which decisions are made. As political corruption is the operation of illegal procedure of the various offices, it affects the institutions of the government as well as the political system and political ide ology. Political corruption is more than a deviation from formal legal form of justice. It occurs when misdeeds and wrong doings take place in the proceedings and the ideology of the politics of a country. Some definitions of corruption in any case emphasize the point that the rulers as a group or class, or as an institution or organization, make unjustified use of their influence to stub out resources for the benefit of the group as such. Many well-known and well documented cases of grand corruption have involved political parties (ruling parties in particular, but also prospective ruling parties), entire administrative bureaus, and national governments.3. ScandalEtymologically Scandal means a behavior or an event that people think it chastely or legally wrong and causes public feelings of shock or anger. It may be an action, clip or event of a particular person and that work is regarded in the society as a wrong doing or it is seen from a negative angle. There is divergence o f scandals and different philosophies exist regarding this matter. A scandal is a widely publicized occurrence involving allegations of bad behavior, dishonor, or moral infuriate. A scandal may be based on

Public document analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public document analysis - Article ExampleThe police incision introduced different departments within its system to remediate their security services. Each department plays different roles with the mission and objective of reducing crime. The public interest in seeking for a safe environment for their lives and airplane propeller spirals the police department to be efficient and interactive. Under the department of Management Information Systems federal agency, the integration of information systems and technology with the responsibilities accorded to the police is focused. What primary purpose(s) can you hear for this document? The main purpose of the document is to develop confidence in the locals about the services provided by the police department. The introduction of the Management Information Systems Bureau aims at improving the existing policing activities to reduce the rate of crimes in pure Islands. Another purpose that the document service s is motivation of the poli ce officers. cooking conducted on the new services introduced by the system go away ensure provision of quality services to the citizens. The responsibilities of the Commander in charge of communication decipher the avenues enforced for the success of the system. Finally, the document warns people involved in crimes that they run through minimal chances for escape after breaking the law. The skills used to monitor, analyze and investigate crimes achieved the culture mentioned. What audience(s) is this document intended for? How can you tell? The target audiences in the document atomic number 18 the locals in Virgin Island, the police officers, Commander of Communications and the criminals. From the document, the police department is in charge of curbing crimes committed in the area. The mission of the Management Information Systems Bureau is to offer help to the police officers during their investigation operations. Though they have been offering these services, there could h ave been challenges that they faced. The challenges could probably lead to rampant crimes and violence. As a result, the citizens could have felt neglected and or undermined. According to the objectives outlined, the police officers targeted will be the implementers of the improved security system. Training on the new technological advances implemented by the department empowers the police officers. The second audience is the locals in Virgin Island States. With the improved system in tackling crimes and violence, they will automatically enjoy a secure environment. The secure environment instills confidence of the community in the police department. As a result, they will assist in playing key roles in reducing crime rates. The responsibilities of the Communications Commander ensure the successful implementation of the system. Finally, criminals are targeted to beware of their movements. The improved investigative and recording system, methods of analysis of crimes, accidents and tr affic narrow their crooked lifestyles. What does the organization or arrangement of the document reveal about its convey? First, the document starts with a mission statement of the organization, represented by its objectives. From the objectives is the documentation of the communications bureau and finally the responsibilities of the Communications Commander. From this arrangement, the document reveals the possible ways that the organization shall follow so that it can achieve its objectives. From the initial stage, attention of the audience captured facilitates their

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A Summary of District-Level Downsizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Summary of partition-Level Downsizing - Essay ExampleSchachter goes on to bestow that, the state legislators or the democratic and republican governors are on a process to balance their budgets and the bad economic times have forced them to follow up a huge cut in the public services arena, where the education sector is the target. The director of the AASA (American Association of School Administrators) confirmed this by saying that auxiliary of the cuts to the end of the stimulus year would see the districts come to a cliff. While reacting to the survey that was conducted by the AASA concerning the discipline superintendents, the director Domenech indicated that the budget cut value of 5%, which was targeting the administrators, was bound to accelerate. The whole district school administrator spectrum has become the target and vulnerable. The cuts in the education sector that are happening currently in the coupled States cities are a unique event that has never happened. As the number of the students rises, other educational leaders are gutting departments such as operations and assessments at the district level to turn the assistant principal position into a species that is endangered. The executive director of the IASA (Illinois Association of School Administrators) attributed the current events to the administrators being a microcosm of the disrupt in America. According to Schachter, different states have reacted to these events in different ways in as much as the cuts or the layoffs are common in all the involved districts. In California for example the layoffs or down sizing have considerably narrowed down the administrative corridor. Approximately 3,000 administrative posts an equivalent of 17% reduction has been implemented in California. This hardest part of this is that the state of California over the same period managed to loose a total of 20,000 teachers equivalent of 6%. Despite of all these downsizing attempts a $4billion cut in Californ ia state education aid is looming and if the Gov.Browns final cause of temporarily raising the taxes of some states is not approved, and then as many as 2000 administrators are going out of their jobs next year. The administrators were targeted first to try and rescue the classroom since the instruction of the students was a priority hence the teachers were spared in California. The Charleston (S.C.) to mention as one of the schools froze the salaries of 3400 teachers and lay off a few. The board of this school is planning to cut between 70 and 60 positions in non-classrooms in the following year. This is according to Bobby Michael, who is the chief operations and financial officer for the county school Charleston. (Schachter, 1) In the state of Texas, the idea of raising the property taxes is not being considered despite the amount accounting for 37% of Texas school budget. The superintendent of Irving (Texas) Independent School District Bedden Dana managed to tap $6.5 million, a nd another $7million to $10 million of the districts reserve fund will be taken in the following year to obliterate the deficit. The Irving district is facing a huge deficit of between $21 million to $31 million and, therefore, the reserves will not be ample to offset the deficits. Schachter is of the opinion that, the district has adopted another method of increasing the size of the class by adding three students at the elementary averaging

Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy - Essay ExampleFirstly, it presents the current situation of the world of luxury watch cross offs. This mainly comprises of the food market place share of the luxury brands of the world. Then it makes an analysis of the various product lines of the brand. A discussion of the way in which the market is segmented by the brand and the purpose of such segmentation have been presented. The environmental analysis of the brand presents the nature of external environment in which the on the wholeiance operates. Then a emulous analysis has been provided to identify the brands which have been posing threat to the brand. This has been done using the contemporary tools and techniques of marketing. Having done this the project proposes suitable recommendations or changes in its marketing strategies. This includes the market segment that the brand should target, the introduction of new styles and designs, the use of technology and the use of best price. This has been done keeping in view the future welfare of the company and the ensuring the welfare of the stakeholders. The World Watch Market The number of millionaires in the world has doubled since 1996. The growing in spending of the customers has resulted in the rise in prices of all kinds of commodities. The luxurious consumer demonstrates a high growth in their propensity of spending. In 2006 the typical consumers spending on luxury items rose 6.6% to reach $56,065, following an increase of 3.8% in spending in 2005 (Aginsky, 2008). USA comprises of a major portion of the market for luxury brands and is expected to expand even further. The following figure shows the market shares of the premium brands of watches in the world. Figure 1 Market Share of the luxury brands of watches of the world (Source Europa Star, 2005) The number of watches sold in Shanghai amounts to 1.5 million approximately in a year. The trade amounts to 55 million euro. However, 45% of the sales comprises of imports. Altho ugh Shanghais production of watches remain high, even then the citys get hold of for foreign watches remain substantially high. This reflects the think for the growth of the watch markets in the world. The peoples growing concern for design, style and image constitutes the main reason behind the success of the luxury watch brands of the world. Watches are considered to be fashion accessories and style symbols (Europa Star, 2005). Omega is one of the most popular brands among the high income individuals of the world. In the mid-range, Longines, Titoni and Oris legislate the field (Europa Star, 2005). Domestic brands like Casio and Swatch have also grown in have recently. Another place where the watch market has progressed considerably is Russia. The rise in sales of luxury watches was 39% in the year 2007. This time was considered to be most valuable time for the progress of the watch market. In fact the sale of Swiss watches had increased considerably during the same time. Resea rch reveals that the market conditions of the world was phenomenal and served as the most promising factor towards the flourish of the luxury brands market. The demand for luxury watches rose substantially in Russia, Asia, Middle East, and in America (Aginsky, 2008). Investigation and Analysis Portfolio Analysis Launching of new product lines at diametrical points of time have been the key strategic moves made by the brand. In 2009, Rolex launched a

Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning - Essay ExampleIt is simply identifying the objectives of a company and finding the best ways of how to achieve them. strategic intend starts from the desired end and its steps go backwards to get to the current berth. On the other hand, long term planning begins with the current status and moves forward to meet the desired future needs. According to Adekola et al 2007, strategic planning looks at the big picture, and is flexible in determining its means as compared to other types of planning. At Michal Jones & Company strategic planning has been practiced in various ways. These ways include pure planning and financial planning. Planning determines where an government will be in the future, how it will get there, and how the organization will establish itself if it got there or not. Planning serves different functions in Michal Jones & Company. It has provided a agnise focus for the organization, therefore, producing posture and efficiency (Burtonshaw-Gunn et al 2009). Planning has also been the reason why the productivity of the organization has increased significantly due to increased in effect(p)ness and efficiency. Planning has also been used in the solving of major problems in the organization. This is because a predetermined problem is solved before its occurrence due to effective and strategic planning. Moreover, at Michal Jones, planning has enabled the creation of a base for the companys hence all deviations have been corrected to avoid major blows occurring in the organization. For effective planning to be established, the management at Michal Jones & Company has identified the purpose, which happens to be the key objective of the company. Lusthaus et al 1999 argues that, through the use of the organizations mission statement elaboration has been made to the public and the potential buyers as a whole on what Michal Jones & Company seeks to achieve. The situation has been analyzed and is now an already existing program. Its defects are a mended and the viable changes made. Alternatives present at Michal Jones & Company have been identified leading to a variety of ideas, activities, and solutions (Michael Jones & Company 2010). Creativity reigns in an effort to enhance brainstorming and members involvement in the formulation of the plan. The resources have been reviewed, and they have been listed down with regard to available time, money, human and physical resources (Paladino 2010). This ensures that the plan theorize conforms to the ability of Michal Jones & Company and not based on mere assumptions. Some of the impediments that have been witnessed at Michal Jones & Company with regard to effective planning are that planning leads to rigidity. This is because the set conditions may change, and this may contrast prevailing conditions at that particular time. When such a point comes by, flexibility is encouraged in an effort to controvert the rigidity. Moreover, strategic planning is not easily facilitated in dynam ic environments. Strategic planning also entails finances. No company or organization can be able to plan about the future without the knowledge of where to get the finances from (Reading 2004). In essence, finances go hand in hand with the planning strategy. At Michal Jones & Company, finances were solicited from the Banks as loan payable back in interest rates within a period of one year. Financial statements are real important in every

Many historians feel that American Revolution was fundamentally Essay

Many historians feel that American Revolution was fundament solelyy conservative in that the colonists were simply trying to perserv - Essay ExampleThe discussion will include the major rights and powers that the Americans thought were denied to them and their evidence for believing so. The colonists, sooner or later, had been familiar with managing their avow concerns and had been building provincial and local elected administrations. Traditions and institutions founded on the ideals of individual rights, free trade, and private airscrew had progressed from the initial period of the colonies (Morison 1976). The most important question thus is what are the justifications of the premise that the American Revolution is a conservative one? The English colonists who headed the revolution were remarkably knowledgeable of their natural rights and privileges as free-born Englishmen (Wahlke 1962, 57). They would have tatterdemalion their life in England to start anew or run away from rel igious discrimination and persecution, and per se were expected to think firmly about sustaining their virtual(prenominal) independence or sovereignty (Leach 1986). Furthermore, they were predisposed to relate themselves with the tradition of the Commonwealth Whig which had been powerful and influential in 17th century England, when a large go of them run away, a doctrine which stressed individual liberty and a viewpoint against despotism (Morton 2003). Lockean Whiggism of the 1600s and natural rights discourse was prominent in the pre-revolutionary dialogue (Morison 1976). The style the colonies were structured and ruled differed significantly, and could barely be characterized as absolutely independent (Morton 2003) the New Englanders benefited from the absolute democratic structure, with the electorate having rights to make a decision on all issues of significance and elect local authorities in annual assemblies. The voters were apparently restricted to white male elite, but du e to the wealth and realizable property requirements, this select few was strangely huge. Since massive areas of land was obtainable, most of it belongs to free owners, who were destined to feel somewhat implicated in the political discussions impacting the colonies at the moment, with a threat in their prospects they tried to safeguard (Morton 2003). The colonists had benefited a lot from comparatively modest taxes from Britain, with almost all taxes defaulted due to prevalent corruption, fraud, and smuggling (Leach 1986). Apparently, most of the heads of the American Revolution were wealthy or propertied individuals, members of the select few that had ruled the colonies prior to the separation from Britain. They were affluent lawyers, traders, and property owners. They were by no means members of the noblesse (Leach 1986). There was social mobility. Nonetheless, the individuals who ruled the fight for freedom and self-government viewed themselves as the natural rulers of a societ y that was essentially fair and reasonable. Several of these individuals feared the social implications of the revolution. They whitewash felt the same although they espoused the rationale of their political insights and motivated a broader group of people to take part in government (Morison 1976). These individuals exploited the extended opportunities and acquired jacket positions in the military, the government, and the Congress (Swift 2002). John Jay articulated a similar apprehension when he stated that the revolution was giving rank and Importance to men whom perception would have left in obscurity

Midterm Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm Paper - Essay ExampleModern computers and technologically improved mobile phones have become terminal substitutes to television. However, it is very difficult for new players to enter the industry due to the high entry cost.1b. According to Edwards, from a resource based view of the firm framework, it tin be observed that the company nowadays increasingly focuses on sales of television sets, which provide exemplar features such as 3D displays. As pause of this strategy, the company has recently announced an extensive reorganization of the unit. The company has eliminated 30,000 jobs, entered into joint manufacturing ventures with rivals, and shed assets. (Edwards, 2011). In addition, the company sold a number of its production plants.1c. Referring to the morphologic characteristics of sophisticated television manufacturing industry, the Sonys strategy may fail in the long run. As discussed, television sets are being largely replaced by the modern computer and mobile pho nes. At this juncture, it is a cumbersome task for the company to survive the market competition by focusing only on the products standard features.2a. In the words of Tracy, online retail industry is a rapidly growing market sector and this immense growth can be attributed to the industrys ability to reach millions of potential customers at cheap cost. Market forecasts show that online retail industry would become one of the worlds most advantageous industries by 2015. Nowadays, marketers are increasingly focusing on online shopping with intent to serve the interests of customers at a fairly low cost and this situation is importantly intensifying the competition. Buyer military unit is higher in the online retail industry because of the stiff market competition whereas suppliers have a weak bargaining power over their clients. However, threat of substitutes is relatively high in the online retail industry although there are a

Phase 2 Discussion Board 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Phase 2 Discussion Board 2 - Essay ExampleNevertheless, we essential start thinking proactively so we can identify and fix the weak systems that are occasioning the problems we are going through. Ideally, our partner could not have been involved in breach of good conduct if we had earlier taken proactive measures by, for example, formulating a tough code of conduct framework to guide our officers when discharging their duties (Hastie, 2010). Apparently, I would like to raise the members of this committee to adopt a proactive thinking as opposed to reactive thinking. This is primarily because of the shortcomings we are likely to experience if we continue with the reactive approach. For example, you should fancy that a reactive thinker will use the companys resources to solve the immediate problems and then hope that the problem has been done away with. In some situations, a reactive thinker will tend to imagine that a problem has become less significant only to be strike when it recurs in future with serious consequences. On the other hand, proactive thinking involves conceiving problems as systems, which is a dynamic approach that puts into account the interaction of both human being and non-human elements. For example, an introduction of compulsory integrity course in our organization will go a long way in preventing problems that have a farthermost reaching repercussions from occurring in the future (Hastie, 2010). Defining critical steps in the decision-making process. In regards to decision making in our organization, we can apply rational mildew (Towler, 2010), which involves six critical steps including problem identification, generation of alternatives, evaluation of alternatives, choosing of an alternative, implementation of the decision, and evaluation of decisions effectiveness. We should, therefore, start by pointing out the problem we are undergoing. Our problem was perpetrated by one of our partners who disregarded his contractual obligatio n by failing to advise the contracting team to carry out a very crucial market research analysis on behalf of one of our long-standing clients. If we fail to take an action to address this issue, we are likely to experience dire repercussions including manageable litigations for breach of contract, loss of reputation of our company as well as the loss of our esteemed and royal customers. Ideally, it is recommendable that all the stakeholders take part in see both the internal and the external environment with the aim of identifying problems so that next time actions can be taken proactively and on a timely earth (Hastie, 2010). Once the problem has been identified, generation of alternatives should follow. Before generating these alternatives, we should specify the goals that we want to achieve. For instance, we intend to increase the integrity level in our company so we can bar the consequences that comes with dishonesty and lack of fulfillment of our contractual obligations. We also intend to address the mistake that our partner did, so our reputation is not tainted. Having identified the goals, it will be easier for us to identify the alternative, however, enough evidence must be gathered regarding each alternative. In addition, the repercussions of taking each alternative should be analyzed (Hastie, 2010). When it comes to the peak of evaluating the alternatives, we must ask ourselves questions

Place of Duty in the Army Essay Example for Free

Place of Duty in the Army EssayFailure to Report affects the United States Army and its mission. Failure to Report is not clear definably in violation of any one article. It may be, however, in violation of word 92. This article covers a failure to obey an order or a regulation. Failure to Report falls into this article simple because the order is given by a senior ranking individual. This fecal matter be done orally, which is close common, and verbally, such as a training schedule. By not reporting for duty or accountability you are in direct violation of Article 92 and can receive a summarized, company, or field grade article 15. This will depend on how many offenses you have in the past, your engagement ethic and the reason you failed to report. Given enough offenses you may be chaptered for patterns of misconduct. Failure to Report negatively affects the United States Army in many ways. Let us say that SPC Snuffy misses accountability formation. He failed to report to h is appointed place of duty.SPC Snuffy is not the only one who has consequences for his failure to report. He is part of a small police squad that affects a larger unit. Within his small team he could have soldiers under his care he most likely has a non commissioned policeman who is charged with his care. His soldiers look to him to be the middle man to help guide them day to day with his knowledge when given tasks. Accountability is rattling important in the Army. Accountability is taking responsibility for your actions and your items. By meaning what you say, saying what you mean, and doing what you say, when you say you will do it. By keeping track of all my items and equipment I can always be ready for anything that is needed of me by my country, my superiors, or other servicemen. creation accountable means being dependable.Where my country, my superiors and fellow servicemen can count on me in any situation. to know I will be there to do what is necessary. Taking responsibil ity for your own actions and equipment is what keeps things running smoothly. And keeps things from turning into utter chaos. Being in formation on time everyday is an prime example of accountability. Formation is where the Army takes accountability of everyone and to get important information out that postulate to be dealt with. Without accountability there is no knowing of where everyone is or whats going on. Knowing where your equipment and personal effects are at all times is very important also.By not putting a lock on my wall locker,I was not talking responsibility for my own items, and not doing what I was told to do by my superiors. I was not being responsible. Keeping my items locked and secured is very important now and in the future. As with keeping all sensitive items secured and accounted for ulterior on. Keeping my wall locker locked, keeps accountability of all my items and teaches me to always maintain my equipment, my arms, and myself. Many things could have happe ned by me failing to adhere to my responsibilities.

English coursework essay and commentary Essay Example for Free

English coursework essay and commentary EssayMany teenage girls might shock you with their answers. Describing themselves as ugly and fatness. Over the years body-image issues be plaguing girls across the country. As a result of this majority waste taken up un sinewy bottom of the inningt over-controlling behaviour. This is done by skipping meals, taking laxatives and excessive smoking. Did you know that 9 in 10 females are conscious and currently unhappy just about their body image? More than half of these are young girls. There are over 1. 3 million ingest disorders in the UK alone. Happy, healthy and heroic is the feeling once you overcome anorexia.Its about time we waved goodbye to the itty bitty twiggy runway models and say hello to the healthy curves of the new faces in Britains model industry. Majority of the runway models decent the body mass index criteria for anorexia. However over the past few years the trend of stick-thin models has started to become unappeti sing. When I was younger I had a brusk self-image, very low self-esteem, and yearned for a better body. I destroyed EVERY single mirror in the house as I couldnt patronize the sight of my body. I utilise to sit and count my ribs. I didnt choose to be that way, it just happened. A few years later by the age of 19, I was 16 stone.From suffering Anorexia to becoming one of the biggest teens in Britain, it was a shock. Then I decided to set myself a target, lose weight and appreciate what I have. Im glad Ive moved on and I wouldnt want anyone else to go through what I did. at present at the age of 22, I weigh 11 stone now, which is the perfect weight for me. I am overwhelmed with my body and have learnt to appreciate what I have been blessed with. I hope to soon conquer the rest of Britain and help more than teenage girls on the road to freedom. I dont resembling to think of myself as being small size, Im average and I couldnt be happier.Katya Zharkova, plus size model. However Ka te Moss has been criticised by campaigners later revealing she lives by a slogan which encourages people with anorexia not to eat. Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels. Kate Moss. Eating disorder charity musical rhythm described the comments as dangerous and very unhelpful for sufferers. Kate shouldnt have said so, however a spokeswoman for Mosss model agency claimed This was part of a longitudinal answer Kate gave during a wider ranging interview which has unfortunately been taken out of context and completely misrepresented. Women come in all shapes and sizes, and all of us have got the chasten to present ourselves beautifully in gorgeous clothes. Whether youre overweight or tall, skinny or small, we are all beautiful. Everyone is different, everyone is beautiful and everyone is normal. Remember that. Commentary I chose to produce an interpretation of women of different shapes and sizes. I have done this in a magazine/article form. The audience of this piece was aimed at y oung girls, teenagers and women. It is more common for them to have a stronger opinion on the matter.Throughout the article I have written in both active and passive voice, it varies the centralise of each sentence and questions the contributor. I have written in second and third person by using you and she which are both singular. This technique it allows the referee to downstairsstand different perspectives and direct the reader. The pronoun you links in with trying to involve the reader, by using the rhetorical question What do you see it almost gets the reader interested in reading the article right from the beginning, it asks for their opinion.The rule of three is used a number of times in this piece, itty, bitty, twiggy is mainly used for emphasis on the fact that stick-thin models are a shadow of the past. There nouns used in this piece are both concrete and abstract. Concrete nouns can be experienced through the five senses, but abstract nouns cannot be accessed by the s enses and tend to be intangible ideas that form a part of our behavior (love, hatred). By using attributive adjectives such as gorgeous it gives the reader some additional information about the clothes before reading on. efflorescence adjectives are used to compare nouns, biggest tells the readers that Katya wasnt big or bigger but she was the biggest. I decided to use contrasting celebrities point of view to indulge the reader in celebrities opinions. The verb used indicates the tense of what Katya used to do in this case she used to sit and count my ribs. This abduce puts the reader in Katyas point of view. The reader would imagine what it would be like to sit and count their ribs, but you can only sit and count your ribs if you are lean. The average healthy person has enough fat on their body to form a stomach.Katya was anorexic which meant she could feel her insides. I chose not to directly tell the reader that Katya was anorexic until the next few sentences, to make the rea der wonder what was wrong. More is an indefinite determiner used to put out to the reader a sense of rawness most teenagers feel when it comes to body image and almost officialises the context. By using subordinate simple and compound clauses that are connected by conjunctions and followed on by a subject and verb. In this case So makes the reader think about the fact that there are so many different eating disorder cases around the world.Overall, I think this piece is interesting because it is an article that questions the readers thoughts about what is right and wrong about being under and over weight. In my opinion it manages to interpret different views on the matter of being different shapes and sizes and at the end uses the quote Everyone is different, everyone is beautiful and everyone is normal. Remember that. This quote uses repetition which is an excellent feature for slogans, the use of repetition means the slogan will be catchy to the reader and will stay in the reader s read/write head and that is what I wanted to achieve when I wrote the article.

Three Pane Model Essay Example for Free

Three window glass Model EssayUtility for Business Managers Firms resort to macroeconomic analysis to make rational judgments about the cause of global events or policy shocks on the delivery and thereby on the business environment. But such analysis is often laden with possibilities for logical missteps. The Three- Pane set (open frugality IS/LM form) is discussed here as a tool for explaining key relationships in the economy while avoiding the missteps encountered in macroeconomic analysis. What is open economy macroeconomics?macroeconomic analysis helps firms to explore the interrelationships among a whole host of merchandises, while microeconomics focuses on variables like price and quantity, cost and revenue in individual markets. Macroeconomic analysis can be closed-economy or open -economy. Closed-economy macroeconomics deals with movements in and relationships among aggregate variables such as National Income, localize of inte stick around, the aggregate price l evel, count of splashiness etc. Open economy macroeconomics makes the analysis complete by adding analysis of great flows, international trade and deepen rate. The objective of this note is to introduce the Three- pointd or Open-economy IS/LM model. As we will see, this model is an extension of the simple closed-economy IS/LM model.A Little Bit of History The IS/LM closed economy model was introduced by the British Economist, Sir John Hicks in 1937. The IS/LM model denotes the simultaneous symmetry of the two key markets in a market economy, product (real) market and the money market. IS represents real/product market equilibrium and LM, money market equilibrium. IS refers to the fundamental relationship amongst Investment (I) and Saving(S). LM represents the relationship between L, the petition for money, and M, the supply of money. The open economy version of IS/LM is credited to two economists, Robert Mundell Marcus Fleming and hence called the Mundell-Fleming model. The three-paned model we are discussing here is pretty close to the Mundell-Fleming model. This model is scoop suited for discussing short-to-medium term changes in the economy, i.e., changes over a few years. The Three-Paned Model Large Open Economy IS/LM Model.The model as presented in the below plat has three panes with one interpret in each pane. (1) Pane I depicts the IS/LM model product money market. localize e in the first graph represents the equilibrium rate of interest and the corresponding level of output/income at which, both the product and money markets are in simultaneous equilibrium. (2) Pane II chapiter outflow schedule shows Net Capital Outflow as a function of the rate of interest. Net Capital Outflow (CF) is define as the difference between Capital Outflows and Capital Inflows. (3) In Pane III, we have the outside(prenominal) exchange market, where the exchange rate, E is fit(p) by the capital outflow schedule in Pane two and net export schedule ( NX). NX is the difference between Exports and Imports.PANE I PANE IIPANE III Diagram display the Three-Paned Open-Economy IS/LM ModelExplaining the working of the Three-paned ModelNow let us see how the three-paned model works. We begin from point e, the initial equilibrium, in the ISLM model. Point e represents the simultaneous equilibrium of the product and money markets at an equilibrium rate of interest, r, and Y level of income/output. To determine the equilibrium in the capital outflow schedule, the equilibrium rate of interest, r, is brought over from the first pane to determine the equilibrium amount of net capital outflows. When the rate of interest is r, equilibrium CF in the economy is given by CFo. calculate the RBI hikes the rate of interest from r to r1. If r* remains constant, r-r* increases. This increases relative returns in the domestic economy which creates two kinds of impacts. One, the capital outflow decreases, and two, the capital inflow increases.Therefore, the n et capital outflow decreases, which is shown by the fall in CF from CFo to CF1. Likewise, if there is a fall in the interest rate from ro to r2, capital outflow increases, and capital inflow decreases, leading to an increase in net capital outflow as indicated by an increase in CF to CF2. The Capital Outflow (CF) curve is therefore, downward sloping. This means that, higher domestic rates of interest are associated with spurn net capital outflows, and lower domestic rates of interest are associated with higher net capital outflows.As mentioned earlier, the three-paned model plots the net export schedule (NX) with respect to the exchange rate, E. E is defined as the foreign currency per unit of domestic currency. If we drop the equilibrium amount of capital flows CFo from pane II to the third pane we get the equilibrium amount of net exports, NXo, which is determined by the intersection of the perpendicular dropped from the CF schedule with the NX schedule. This also gives the equil ibrium nominal exchange rate, Eo. Here, we are assuming price levels at home and abroad as constant, therefore, nominal and real exchange rates can be considered to be proportional. i.e., they wont be different. How do we explain the model in simple economic terms?In a closed economy, the rate of interest decided by the RBI defines the simultaneous equilibrium in the product/goods market and the money market, as shown by the intersection of the IS LM curves (Pane I). Suppose that we open up the economy and also accept that we are considering a large economy as in the case of India. Pane II III shows how a domestic interest rate change (assuming foreign rate of interest rate to be fixed) impacts capital flows and thereby the exports and imports and the exchange rate in the economy. A hike in the interest rate by the RBI would attract capital from outside-increase in inflows- and would decrease capital outflows. This would lead to a fall in the net capital outflow. A fall in the in terest rate would have the opposite effect, leading to a decrease in inflows and an increase in outflows, thereby increasing net capital outflows. When capital inflows increase due to a hike in the domestic interest rate, let us assume that most of the inflows are in the form FDI.That is, there would be an increase in demand for rupee denominated assets thereby increasing the demand for the rupee in the foreign exchange market, vis--vis the foreign currency, say, dollar. This would appreciate the exchange rate (E to E1) vis-a vis the dollar (exchange rate E was defined as foreign currency per unit of domestic currency).The appreciation of the exchange rate makes exports costlier and imports cheaper. Therefore, exports fall and imports rise, resulting in a fall in Net Exports as shown in pane III, from NXo to NX1. Similarly, a fall in rate of interest would depreciate the exchange rate, leading to a fall in imports and rise in exports, resulting in an increase in net exports. therefo re the three-paned model or the open-economy IS/LM model gives the business decision maker a framework to understand and analyze changes in and interrelationships between rate of interest, capital flows, exchange rate and net exports in a large open economy. We can address important questions about how the macroeconomy, capital flows, international trade, and the exchange rate will respond to a wide variety of events and shocks. (1) How will these key variables respond to an increased money supply or an increase in taxes? (2) How does a sudden drop in consumers willingness to make purchases or a technological shock that makes investing more appealing affect interest rates, unemployment and the exchange rate? (3) What will be the resulting effects on the direction of the economy and the key variables? 2 . Economic Models An economic model may be defined as a logical framework that is based on explicit self-reliances about how key economic variables interact. The links between these variables are based on assumptions rooted in economic theory and are also explicitly defined by the relationships that govern the model. The key to understanding any economic model is to understand the logical structure and its underlying assumptions. The set of assumptions in the model enables the analysis of the impact of changes in one or more variables on the rest of the economy (-while not violating the original behavioral assumptions). 3 . John Hicks, Mr. Keynes and the Classics A Suggested Interpretation, Econometrica, 1937. He was awarded the Economics Nobel Prize in 1972. 4 .For a small discussion of the IS/LM model, see Dornbusch,Fischer, Startz-Macroeconomics, Chapter 10, pp219-240,10thedition. 5 . Net capital outflows as defined earlier, are equal to capital outflows minus capital inflows. Here the assumption is that capital flows are a function the difference between relative interest rates. The domestic interest rate is given as r and the foreign rate of interest rate is taken as r*. Since it is not shown in the graph, r* is assumed to be constant. Therefore, capital flows effectively are determined by the changes in the domestic rate on interest rate. i.e., Net capital outflow, CF = f (r r* ). 6 . Quoted from Darden Business Publishing- A technological Note on The Open Economy IS/LM Model, 2008.